big-box - of, relating to, or being a large chain store having a boxlike structure “大盒子”式的商店
agritourism 农业旅游
aquascape - a scenic view of a body of water; an area having a natural or constructed aquatic feature (as a pond or fountain) 水景
coqui - a small chiefly nocturnal arboreal frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) native to Puerto Rico that has a high-pitched call and has been introduced into Hawaii and southern Florida 科奎鹧鸪(生长在波多黎各一带,嗓音很尖,现已被引入至夏威夷和佛罗里达)
polyamory - the state or practice of having more than one open romantic relationship at a time 脚踏两只船
Sandwich Generation - a generation of people who are caring for their aging parents while supporting their own children 三明治一代 (上有老下有小的一代人)
virtual源自拉丁语单词virtus,virtus的意思是excellence,virtus中的vir意为man. 从virtus还派生出英语单词virtue.
关于pop culture,见仁见智,根据LONGMAN Advanced American Dictionary的解释,"pop culture"指music, movies, products etc. in a particular society that are familiar to and popular with most ordinary people in that society.
Salute to 未且!!!
Scorpio (23 Oct. ~ 21 Nov.)(天蝎座),
Capricorn (21 Dec. ~ 20 Jan.)(山羊座),
scorpio就是scorpion… Capricorn意为?(这个没写),aquarius意为water-conduit inspector(引水管检查员??)
经典词根之一—— FAC, FIC, FECT, FACT, FICT
源自拉丁语,意为to do, to make
补充几个:
Facsimile,malefaction,factitious,manufacture,disaffect,efficacy,feature,malfeasance,figment,figure,transfigure,configuration,fashion
经典词根之三—— GEN/GIN
主要源自希腊语,部分源自拉丁语,意为birth(produce??), gender, family, kind, race
补充两个:Pathogeny,genial
经典词根之四—— STA/STAT/STIT
源自拉丁语,意为to stand, to set
补充几个:
Instance,instant,instantaneous,substance,substantial,substantiate,substantive,equidistance,stateliness,statistice,apostasy,apostate,stamina,steadfast,homestead,withstand,stationery
经典词根之五—— VERT/VERS
源自拉丁语,意为to turn
补充几个:
PER- away? Or “全部”??
Vertical,versed,anniversary,conversant,diverse,inverse,malversation,irreversible,university
经典词根之六—— CAP/CIP/CEPT/CEIV/CUP(同一词根,多个变体)
源自拉丁语,意为to take, to take hold of, to capture
补充几个:
Caption,captious,accept,susceptible,conceit,municipal,principle,preoccupation
经典词根之七—— PON/POS
源自拉丁语,意为to put, to place
补充几个:
Expound,exponent,compound,impound,discompose,purpose,juxtapose,position,positive,
repository
经典词根之八—— SPEC/SPIC/SPECT
源自拉丁语,意为to look
补充的来自:俞敏洪《英语词汇速记大全:词根+词缀记忆法》。未且的很多单词俞敏洪的书里也没有,相互补充一下。
TOP 10 names for boys为:Aidan,Jacob,Ethan,Nicholas,Matthew,Ryan,Tyler,Jack,Joshua,Andrew
为什么没有Michael??
Capricorn借自拉丁语词Capricornus,其中的capr-,也作caper,意为goat;cornus意为horn,Capricorn意为horned-goat.
据我所知,Aquarius在拉丁语里就是那个意思。
Top 10 names for kids这种排行榜每年都有所不同,你可以上网搜一下,英美人给小孩子取名常常就是根据当前的流行人物的名字,因此会有鲜明的时代特点,这样同时代的人会有很多重名的现象出现。
英语词Scorpio, Scorpius, Scorpion都可以用于指“天蝎座”,不同的是Scorpius只指“天蝎座”,Scorpio还可以用于指“天蝎座的”或“天蝎座的人”,Scorpion的含义最多,但不用于指“天蝎座的(人)”。这三个词的终极词源是希腊语词skorpios,在希腊语中即“蝎子”之意。
pidgin - 洋滨泾;两种以上混杂的语言
以下的词源解释是从网上搜到的:
1876, from pigeon English (1859), the reduced form of the language used in China for communication with Europeans, from pigeon (1826), itself a pidgin word, representing a Chinese pronunciation of business. Meaning extended 1921 to "any simplified language."
居然是business的意思,真是没有想到,发音差的还是相当远啊……
殖民地的产物,不过现在算不算是有些复活呢?偶想起了那个电梯里的笑话:够淫荡吗……寒
shanghai - 小写,做及物动词用,表示把某人药翻或灌醉然后弄上船去做水手;引申为欺骗或强迫某人做事
1854, Amer.Eng., "to drug a man unconscious and ship him as a sailor," from the practice of kidnapping to fill the crews of ships making extended voyages, such as to the Chinese seaport of Shanghai.
起先还以为当年的上海滩流行这个呢,还好,是美国那边的。上海也的确是个很遥远的地方了,只是不知道和汉语的语义“上”“海”有没有关系。
此外shanghai在澳洲和新西兰英语里还有另一个语义:catapult,动词及名词,来源不明。
chin-chin - 请请!有点俚语的性质,用于打招呼、告别、祝酒
来源就是汉语的“请请”,法语、西语、意语都有这个单词,拼写略有不同。在网上看到有些人认为它来自意大利语,BBC意语教学节目里说cin cin来自碰杯的声音,但是偶家词典上注明来自汉语。一本美国人编的意语教材里有这么一段:
L’espressione Cin cin (scritta anche Cincin) è l’adattamento fonetico dell’inglese chin chin che, a sua volta, deriva dal cinese ch’ing’ ch’ing’, che significa letteralmente "prego, prego."
La parola, usata come saluto dal marinai inglesi già alla fine del secolo XVIII, è arrivata in Italia durante la prima guerra mondiale (1914-1918) invadendo a poco a poco non solo l’Italia ma anche molti altri paesi e continenti.
大意是说这个词来自英语语音的转写,英语又是来自汉语。十八世纪末,这个词已经用于英国海员当中,一战期间传入意大利,后来逐渐传到更多的国家。
在意大利语里,cin cin是相当通用的祝酒词,相当于英语的cheers,法语里应该也常用,记得有人总结法语和汉语的“相似”之处,比如好是“棒”,我饿了是“热饭”,祝酒是“请请”,这么总结的人大概没想到它原本就是汉语吧。
还有个值得一提的词是mandarin,汉语普通话。前段看到一些帖子,说mandarin是“满大人”的音译,不过词典上不是这么讲的。
"Chinese official," 1589, via Port. mandarim or Du. mandorijn from Malay mantri, from Hindi mantri "councilor, minister of state," from Skt. mantri, nom. of mantrin- "advisor," from mantra "counsel," from PIE base *men- "to think" (see mind). Form infl. in Port. by mandar "to command, order." Used generically for the several grades of Chinese officials; sense of "chief dialect of Chinese" (spoken by officials and educated people) is from 1604. The type of small, deep-colored orange so called from 1771, from resemblance of its color to that of robes worn by mandarins.
大致是:英语<-葡萄牙语或荷兰语<-马来语<-印地语<-梵语,最初的语义是顾问、官员,又特指中国的一至九品朝廷官员,到1604年获得了“官话”的语义,意指中国官员和读书人讲的汉语,此时距李自成出生还有两年。1771年又增加一个语义为柑橘,因为其颜色和中国官员朝服上的颜色相似。
感恩节火鸡
在美国,11月的第四个星期四就是所谓的“感恩节”(Thanksgiving Day)。在那一天,美国人对一年中享有的祝福表示感谢。感恩节是个家庭团聚的庆祝日,一家人在快快乐乐,一起吃大餐。现在美国的感恩节,有许多传统来自首次感恩节的庆祝活动。
首次美国人庆祝感恩节在1612年的秋天,地点是马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯(Plymouth, Massachusetts)。心存感激的朝圣先人遵照丰收聚会的古老传统表达了他们对上帝的感谢,使他们在新大陆获得了首次大丰收,同时也借此加强了同印第安邻居之间友情的联系,是这些邻居教会了他们打猎、捕鱼、种粮以及用鱼做成肥料培育玉米、南瓜与豆类。印第安人愉快地接受了邀请,先送来了五只鹿。朝圣者则去打猎,回赠了野味。女人们用玉米、酸果蔓、及南瓜做成一道道美食。首次感恩节聚餐获得了巨大成功。今天的感恩节餐桌上,依然出现着南瓜和玉米,而南瓜派与印第安布丁(玉米做成的乳蛋糕)是传统的感恩节甜品。
首次感恩节持续了三天。对于今天的美国人,这是个四天假期。学校在感恩节与翌日停课。而许多成年人在周三和周四都不用上班。住在其他城市的亲戚、离家求学的学生以及远行的其他人,都可以趁着假期有机会在家。