鲍尔斯以及圣塔菲研究院的研究同伴们通过对自然科学特别是生物学的研究，得出人类美好善良的一面是出于种群群体保持生存的一种必然的进化结果。
那么，为什么不去努力创造一个大同的世界呢？说起创造，一定会有人说是建构主义者。
那好，我换个说法，我说进化或演化，为什么不去努力影响世界的进程呢？让世界向更有益于人类精神的方向发展呢？
我们本身就是属于社会，社会的自然演化必然包容我们自己，我们是社会演化的一个构成因素。
就是这个道理。
至于个人所有制本身，根据我读资本论第一卷的理解，应该是个人劳动者拥有生产资料，进行简单商品交换的一种无剥削的形式。资本论第一卷有多处谈到这个，我一直把这种小生产者个人拥有生产资料的方式理解为个人所有制。
很多人为了政治需要而一定要把个人所有制狡辩为个人生活资料所有制，这在学术或理论上肯定是不对的。
马克思所有文献中的所有制都是谈生产资料的所有权，绝对不会是个人生活资料的所有权，如果个人所有制是个人生活资料的所有权，那奴隶社会封建社会资本主义制度或中国的俸禄制度就是个人所有制，没有个人所有制，人不是连生存都成问题了。所有，那种带有政治性因素的观点肯定是不正确的，根本无法自圆其说。
脱离政治因素来说，仅仅从学术上来讲，个人所有制一定是我所说的那种形式。
顺带提一句，马克思家族在巴黎公社运动中损失很大，死了1各还是2个外孙，记不清楚了。其两个女婿都参加了公社街垒战。
最后说一句，我独资本论第一卷，感觉马克思的劳动价值论是建立于简单劳动并且是工农业的简单劳动基础之上的，我个人认为存在很多理论上的问题，因为一个理论如果没有问题，我不会感觉这么混沌与矛盾，我发现按照马克思原始的劳动价值论，很多东西没有办法解释。比如按照马克思原始的观点来看，科学是不直接创造价值的，科学与价值之间没有必然的直接关系，只有通过体力劳动实现的间接关系。按照马克思观点，工厂里面的工程师管理人员以及现在的什么管理咨询信息服务行业等等都是不创造价值的。
本文来自: 人大经济论坛(http://www.pinggu.org) 详细出处参考：http://www.pinggu.org/bbs/b4i344915p1.html
马克思经济学跟新古典比较起来，最大的弱点其实倒不是自由阿，民主啊，这些东西。最大弱点在于，这一门学科的体系性太差了。
到现在为止，根本拿不出一本能跟MWG或罗默宏观，萨金特宏观相媲美的发展过的体系性的典籍。
在国外是激进政治经济学，不成系统的，搞来搞去就一个roemer公理化成体系了，但还是新古典马克思，至于在苏联中国都被禁锢，服务政治，无法发展。
据说日本的马克思经济学全球第一，结果伊藤诚森岛通夫也没有出过什么系统性的书，全是研究一个专题的专著，如货币金融或转形问题。
结果连本好点的系统点儿的书都没有。
还得读原著。但19世纪的范式 ，就其研究方式来说，毕竟落伍了。虽然资本论中的描述对照目前的中国非常相似。
如果马克思经济学再不改革，淘汰是不可避免的。
西马是别人玩剩下的东西，捡过来照搬，也没什么用的。连roemer自己都说，他弄的新古典马克思他自己都不玩了。
我唯一看好的就是将马克思经济学与演化经济学结合。我对这个方向非常感兴趣。
无论马克思本人的思想多么博大精深，没有发展没有传承的停留于100年前的僵化的学派一定会死亡。
我读完资本论第一卷了，我对辩证法真的是没有多少兴趣。不是说辩证法不好，而是辩证法太粗糙，不适合于做现代的研究工具。
粗糙是所有哲学的共性，所以不会有什么严谨的研究者会用什么哲学工具来做学术研究，那太傻了，让人笑话。
Reduction, Rationality and Game Theory in Marxian Economics (Paperback)
by Bruce Philp (Author) "Without wishing to begin in an unduly negative way, it is important to recognise that there are a number of difficulties which confront the future..." (more)
Key Phrases: Van Parijs, Eastern Europe, Marx"s Capital
Product Description
This book examines the main areas of interest in Marxian economics, paying particular attention to class conflict, analytical Marxism and game theory. Very few books can claim to cover the areas that this book does with such clarity, academic rigour and originality. Its study of game theory and Marxism makes it a particularly unique book that will interest a wider variety of economists and social scientists than would normally be the case.
Product Details
Paperback: 224 pages
Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition (January 7, 2005)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0415406978
ISBN-13: 978-0415406970
Product Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.4 x 0.4 inches
Shipping Weight: 7 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
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I am grateful to a number of people who have contributed to the ideas which this book represents. While I was a postgraduate and undergraduate student, David Young (as PhD supervisor), Pat Devine, Keith Gibbard and John Kemp provided excellent supervision and teaching. John King provided constructive suggestions and extensive advice. During my time working at Manchester Metropolitan University and Nottingham Trent University, I have been privileged to work in inclusive intellectual environments. As colleagues, David Harvie, Gary Slater, Ian Steedman and George Zis contributed to the development of the ideas contained in this book. I would also like to thank Gary Mongiovi, Stephen Parsons,Frank Thompson, Alex Wharton and Mike Williams for comments on specific chapters. Finally, I’d like to express thanks to my parents for their encouragement and support throughout my studies.
Parts of Chapters 2 and 3 draw heavily upon articles previously published and I thank the Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics for permission to reproduce parts of them here.
Chapter 2: Anti-Reductionism, Methodological Individualism and Analytical Marxism. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 7(4),pp. 237–53, December 1996.
Chapter 3: Game Theory, Marxism and the Foundations of Collective Action. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 11(1), pp 77–94, January 2000.
This book cites 93 books:
Marx and Non-Equilibrium Economics by Alan Freeman in Back Matter (1), Back Matter (2), and Back Matter (3)
Game Theory: A Critical Introduction by Hargreaves-Heap in Back Matter (1), and Back Matter (2)
Reconstructing Marxism: Essays on the Explanation and the Theory of History by Erik Olin Wright on page 16, and Back Matter
Reconstructing Marxism: Essays on Explanation and the Theory of History by Erik Olin Wright on page 16, and Back Matter
Political Economy and Capitalism: Some Essays in Economic Tradition by Maurice Herbert Dobb in Back Matter (1), and Back Matter (2)
See all 93 books this book cites
7 books cite this book:
Marxian Reproduction Schema (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy) by Andrew Trigg in Front Matter
Capitalism (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy) by Victor Lippit in Front Matter
The Future of Social Security Policy Women, Work and A Citizens Basic Income (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy) by Ailsa McKay in Front Matter
The New Economy and Macroeconomics (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy) by Dario Togati in Front Matter
Marx for the 21st Century (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy) by Hiroshi Uchida in Front Matter
Contents
List of figures and tables xi
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Introduction 1
2 Methodology of reduction 11
3 Marxism and the foundations of collective action 29
4 Value, price and exploitation 41
5 Marxian theories of exploitation and class 63
6 Class conflict and working hours 85
7 Reduction, rationality and the rate of profit 99
8 Conclusion 117
Notes 123
References 131
Index 139
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The Economics of Karl Marx The Economics of Karl Marx: Analysis _and Application (Historical Perspectives on Modern Economics)